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100º Aniversário da Primeira Travessia Aérea do Atlântico Sul

No passado dia 3 de Abril decorreram as comemorações da primeira travessia aérea do Atlântico Sul, protagonizada por Sacadura Cabral e Gago Coutinho. Foi um espetáculo memorável!

Hidroavião no Tejo

Mais um espetáculo no Tejo!

No passado dia 3 de Abril decorreram as comemorações da primeira travessia aérea do Atlântico Sul, protagonizada por Sacadura Cabral e Gago Coutinho.

Torre de Belém ao fundo a ser sobrevoada por helicópteros
Foto: Marinha Portuguesa

Tratou-se de uma Cerimónia militar e desfile aeronaval, organizada pela Marinha Portuguesa e pela Força Aérea. Esta foi presidida pelo Presidente da República, Marcelo Rebelo de Sousa.

Pessoas lotaram as margens do rio Tejo para assistir a este notável evento, brindado com o sobrevoo de aviões e helicópteros da Força Aérea Portuguesa.

Barcos no Tejo
Foto: José Sena Goulão / Lusa

Dentro de água, uma frota superior a 100 embarcações – particulares, empresariais e públicas – juntou-se a este momento, proporcionando certamente um espetáculo inigualável.

A incrível história da primeira travessia aérea

Em 30 de março de 1922, iniciou-se a primeira travessia aérea do Atlântico Sul, no contexto das comemorações do Primeiro Centenário da Independência do Brasil. Realizou-se num hidroavião monomotor, equipado com motor Rolls-Royce e especialmente concebido para a viagem – batizado como Lusitânia.

Hidroavião no Tejo
Hidroavião no Tejo durante a cerimónia

No mesmo dia, concluíram a primeira etapa da viagem em Las Palmas, nas Ilhas Canárias, apesar de terem notado um excessivo consumo de combustível.

No dia 5 de abril partiram rumo à Ilha de São Vicente, no Arquipélago de Cabo Verde, percorrendo 850 milhas. Lá se demoraram até 17 de abril para reparos no hidroavião – que metia água nos flutuadores. De seguida, partiram do porto da Praia, na Ilha de Santiago, rumo ao Arquipélago de São Pedro e São Paulo, em águas brasileiras, onde amararam, sem o auxílio do vento, no dia 18. Como o mar estava revolto, causou danos ao Lusitânia, que perdeu um dos flutuadores. Os aeronautas foram recolhidos por um Cruzador da Marinha Portuguesa, que os conduziu a Fernando de Noronha. Apesar de exaustos pelo voo de 1 700 quilómetros e pelo pouso acidentado, comemoraram a descoberta, com precisão, daqueles rochedos em pleno Atlântico Sul, apenas com o recurso do método de navegação astronómica criado por Gago Coutinho.

Continuando o feito histórico

Sacadura Cabral e Gago Coutinho na aeronave Lusitânia
Sacadura Cabral e Gago Coutinho na aeronave Lusitânia. Museu da Marinha

Com a opinião pública portuguesa e brasileira envolvida no feito, o Governo Português enviou outro hidroavião, batizado como Pátria, a partir de Fernando de Noronha, pelo navio brasileiro Bagé, que chegou no dia 6 de maio. Tendo o hidroavião sido desembarcado, montado e revisto, a 11 de maio, descolaram de Fernando de Noronha. Entretanto, um novo acidente acometeu os aeronautas, quando, tendo retornado e sobrevoando o arquipélago de São Pedro e São Paulo para reiniciar o trecho interrompido, uma avaria no motor obrigou-os a amarar de emergência, tendo permanecido nove horas como náufragos, até serem resgatados por um cargueiro inglês que estava em trânsito naquela região.

Após serem reconduzidos a Fernando de Noronha, aguardaram até 5 de junho, quando receberam um novo hidroavião, batizado como Santa Cruz, enviado para eles. O hidroavião foi transportado por um navio desde Portugal e posto na água do Arquipélago de São Pedro e São Paulo. Foi assim que levantou voo rumo a Recife, fazendo escalas em Salvador, Porto Seguro, Vitória e dali para o Rio de Janeiro. Foi então onde o Capital Federal, a 17 de junho de 1922 amarou em frente à Ilha das Enxadas, nas águas da baía de Guanabara.

Aclamados entusiasticamente como heróis em todas as cidades brasileiras onde amerissaram, os aeronautas tinham concluído com êxito não apenas a primeira travessia do Atlântico Sul, mas pela primeira vez na História da Aviação. Tinha-se viajado sobre o Oceano Atlântico apenas com o auxílio da navegação astronômica a partir do aeroplano.

Uma última curiosidade

O tempo de voo foi de apenas sessenta e duas horas e vinte e seis minutos, percorrendo um total de 8 383 quilômetros, apesar de a viagem ter durado setenta e nove dias.

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